Objectives: To compare the rate disparity between outcomes (overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and safety) of concurrent chemoradiation (cCRT) followed by durvalumab in two patient cohorts with locally advanced (LA) stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), one non-Hispanic White (NHW), and the other Latin-American.

Colombia is a country on the northwest of South America, and it is divided into 32 departments, a capital district, 1121 municipalities, and indigenous territories. Population growth in the period 1990 to 2016 was 42.0%, during which time population structure became regressive and older, with most living in urban areas (82%) (Fig. 1A–C). The Colombian health system is made up of a social security sector and a private sector. The system's backbone is the General Social Security Health System, with a coverage near to 100%.

Background Human papilloma virus (HPV) has been associated with the development and modulation of response in a series of neoplasms. In the case of lung adenocarcinoma, its role in etiology and pathogenesis is still controversial. Considering that this infection brings foreign epitopes, it could be of prognostic significance in patients with lung adenocarcinoma treated with immunotherapy.

Conclusions In patients with HPV+ lung adenocarcinoma, a significant benefit in overall response and survival outcomes is observed.

Primary melanocytic tumors of the CNS are extremely rare conditions, encompassing different disease processes including meningeal melanoma and meningeal melanocytosis. Its incidence range between 3-5%, with approximately 0.005 cases per 100,000 people. Tumor biological behavior is commonly aggressive, with poor prognosis and very low survivability, and a high recurrence rate, even after disease remission with multimodal treatments.

Background The KRAS exon 2 p. G12C mutation in patients with lung adenocarcinoma has been increasing in relevance due to the development and effectiveness of new treatment medications. Studies around different populations indicate that regional variability between ethnic groups and ancestries could play an essential role in developing this molecular alteration within lung cancer.

Abstract Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a heterogeneous disease, and therapeutic management has advanced to identify various critical oncogenic mutations that promote lung cancer tumorigenesis. Subsequent studies have developed targeted therapies against these oncogenes in the hope of personalized treatment based on the tumor’s molecular genomics. This review presents a comprehensive review of the biology, new therapeutic interventions, and resistance patterns of two well-defined subgroups, tumors with KRAS and MET alterations.

Background During the last two decades, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) has undergone important changes, with new diagnostic markers and criteria, better recognition of clinical phenotypes, better disease prognosis and new therapeutic approaches. Consequently, management of NMOSD patients in Latin American (LATAM) has become more complex and challenging in clinical practice.

Resumen

Abstract Craniosynostosis is defined as the premature closure of one or more cranial sutures, which alters the configuration of the child’s head (Figure). The morbidity and mortality are related to intracranial hypertension, hydrocephalus, Chiari 1 deformity, upper airway obstructions, and developmental delay, especially in syndromic cases. Eighty-five percent of cases are nonsyndromic, and of these, 75% are single-suture synostoses and nearly 60% of those are sagittal synostosis. Sagittal synostosis (scaphocephaly) typically spares the skull base.

Background COVID 19 infection represents a global threat and now a frequent cause of hospitalization in pediatrics. COVID 19, as well as Influenza virus could have a severe course. There are few studies, and no local or regional information comparing severe disease between COVID 19 and Influenza virus in children.